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Sebastian Finsterwalder (1861–1951) was a German mathematician and glaciologist. Acknowledged as the “father of glacier photogrammetry“;〔Brunner, K., 2006. Karten dokumentieren den Rückzug der Gletscher seit 1850. In: K. Kriz, W. Cartwright, A. Pucher and M. Kinberger (eds), Kartographie als Kommunikationsmedium. Wiener Schriften zur Geographie und Kartographie, 17, Institut für Geographie und Regionalforschung, Universität Wien, pp. 191-200.〕〔Rinner, K. and Burkhardt, R. (eds), 1972. Gletscherphotogrammetrie. In: Handbuch der Vermessungskunde. Photogrammetrie, Band III a/2, in German, J.B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, pp. 1428-1470.〕 he pioneered the use of repeat photography as a temporal surveying instrument in measurement of the geology and structure of the Alps and their glacier flows.〔Konecny, G. (2014). Geoinformation: remote sensing, photogrammetry and geographic information systems. CRC Press. 〕 The measurement techniques he developed and the data he produced are still in use to discover evidence for climate change.〔Kaiser, T. (2014). Implications of changing climate on Zugspitze glaciers in southern Germany. 12th issue• August 2014. 〕〔Bavarian glaciers in climate change - a status report. Bavarian State Ministry for Environment and Health, Munich, 2012, p 21〕〔Terrestrial (ground-based or close-range) photogrammetry was one of the first successful methods for detecting and quantifying surface changes in rock glaciers. Flow velocity was a typical parameter derived from this. The 2D or even 3D kinematics of the rock glacier surface is needed for rheological models. In recent years, active rock glaciers have also become the focus of climate change research. Atmospheric warming is supposed to influence flow/creep velocity of rock glaciers, which can thus be seen as indicators of environmental change in mountainous regions. Melting of the subsurface ice causes surface lowering, which in the worst case may lead to active landsliding and even a total collapse of the rock glacier surface. (V. (2012) 'The evolution of rock glacier monitoring using terrestrial photogrammetry: the example of Äußeres Hochebenkar rock glacier (Austria)' ''Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences'' Volume 105/2 Vienna 2012 p.63–7 )〕〔Keutterling, A. Thomas, A. (2006) Monitoring glacier elevation and volume changes with digital photogrammetry and GIS at Gepatschferner glacier, Austria ''International Journal of Remote Sensing'' Vol. 27, Iss. 19, 2006〕〔Finsterwalder, S., (1928) Geleitworte zur Karte des Gepatschferners. ''Zeitschrift für Gletscherkunde'', 16, 20-41.〕 ==Life== Sebastian Finsterwalder was born October 4, 1862 in Rosenheim, son of Joh. Nepomuk Finsterwalder, a master baker from Lehrers-S aus Antdorf, Upper Bavaria, and Anna Amann of Rosenheim. He died December 4, 1951 in Munich〔http://www.deutsche-biographie.de/xsfz16144.html〕).〔Walther HOFMANN: Sebastian Finsterwalder, in: Neue Deutsche Biographie Bd. 5, S. 166-167. (Hofmann Sebastian Finsterwalder, in: New German Biography Vol 5, pp. 166-167. )〕 He was a Bavarian mathematician and surveyor.〔Robert SAUER / Max KNEISSL: Sebastian Finsterwalder, in: Jahrbuch der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften für 1952, S. 200-204. (SAUER / Max KNEISSL Sebastian Finsterwalder, in: Yearbook of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences, 1952, pp. 200-204. )〕 In 1892 he married Franziska Mallepell (d. 1953) from Brixen, South Tyrol. Their two sons worked in similar fields; Richard Finsterwalder (1899-1963), Professor at the Technical University in Hanover and Munich, and Ulrich Finsterwalder (1897-1988), a civil engineer. A keen mountaineer, Finsterwalder became interested, through the influence of his friend E. Richter, in alpine fossils as indicators of the geology and structure of the Alps and their glaciers. His desire for accurate, but also less costly, motion measurements on glaciers led him to glaciological applications of photogrammetry in geodesy.〔Albertz, J. (2010). ''100 Years German Society for Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing, and Geoinformation''. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Photogrammetrie, Fernerkundung und Geoinformatione.V., ISBN 978-3-00-031038-6, 144 pp.〕 In 1886. aged 24, he received his doctorate from the University of Tübingen, under the guidance of the algebraic geometer Alexander von Brill. Finsterwalder observed that Rudolf Sturm's analysis of the "homography problem" (1869) can be used to solve the problem of 3D-reconstruction using point matches in two images; which is the mathematical foundation of photogrammetry. Finsterwalder pioneered geodetic surveys in the high mountains. At the age of 27 years he conducted a first glacier mapping project at Vernagtferner in the Ötztal Alps, Austria. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sebastian Finsterwalder」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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